Plunger Pumps: Fault Analysis of Fixed-Displacement Plunger Pumps
Release Date:
2021-02-18 10:31
Source:
Quantitative Plunger pump It is a critical component of the hydraulic system, utilizing the volume changes generated by the reciprocating motion of the plunger and the pump housing to repeatedly draw in and discharge fluid, thereby increasing the pump pressure.
Axial Plunger pump It is a type of hydraulic pump in which the number of pistons is evenly distributed around the periphery of a multi-port cylinder block, with the piston shafts aligned parallel to or at an angle relative to the cylinder block’s central axis. Based on the characteristics of valve-operated piston pumps and their various drive mechanisms and structural configurations, they can be classified into swashplate-type and axial-type pumps.
Swashplate axial Plunger pump The structure and operating principle of the swashplate are secured by a valve plate, while the motor drives the transmission shaft, hydraulic cylinder, and plunger to rotate together. At the rear end of the plunger spring, the plunger’s spherical head maintains close contact with the swashplate surface at all times, and the inner plunger, the bore wall of the plunger, and the valve plate collectively form a sealed chamber. As the transmission shaft rotates in the indicated direction, the plunger is constrained by the inclined surface at its top and begins to move to the right, thereby reducing the volume of the working chamber; pressurized oil from the valve plate is discharged into the system, completing the oil-pressure delivery process. Meanwhile, the lower end of the plunger on the swashplate surface is gradually flung outward, allowing oil to be drawn into the cylinder under atmospheric pressure during the suction phase.
Axial Plunger pump Basic operating principle: When an axial piston pump is in operation, its primary technical performance—namely, flow rate management—gradually declines until it falls below the limits of normal operation, or the pump suddenly malfunctions and ceases to operate. The occurrence of this phenomenon in industrial settings can be attributed to the following factors: bearing and drive shaft seizure or adhesion damage; increased clearance in the piston bores; wear of the spherical heads, resulting in the pistons becoming jammed and unable to move; poor sealing at the check valve outlet, leading to internal leakage; and fracture of the spring-loaded pistons.
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